报关 vs 清关:外贸人必须懂的行话
在实际外贸工作中,报关和清关的英文说法确实存在一定的灵活性,没有绝对固定的单一形式。习惯上,行业内通常将出口时向海关申报的程序称为“出口报关”,而将进口时向海关申报的程序称为“进口清关”。
因此,常见的英文对应关系为:
出口报关:Customs Declaration 或 Customs Brokerage (for Export)
清关(尤其指进口清关):Customs Clearance
实际工作习惯:
出口申报 = 出口报关
进口申报 = 进口清关
报关清关全术语对照表
一、核心单证与申报
报关单 → Customs Declaration Form
进口报关单 → Import Customs Declaration Form
出口报关单 → Export Customs Declaration Form
报关单据 → Documents for Customs Declaration
报关员 → Declarant / Customs Declarant
报关证书 → Customs Declaration Certificate
申报要素 → Declaration Elements
当地申报 → Local Declaration
进口申报 → Import Declaration
出口申报 → Export Declaration
二、机构与角色
报关行 → Customs Broker
报关代理人 → Customs Agent
海关关员 → Customs Officer
报关员(重复)→ Customs Declarant
中国海关 → China Customs
三、许可与证书
进口许可证 → Import License
出口许可证 → Export License
原产地证书 → Certificate of Origin
检验证书 → Inspection Certificates
四、查验与监管
商检查验 → CIQ Inspection
海关查验 → Customs Inspection
检验检疫 → Inspection and Quarantine
货物放行 → Release of the Goods
海关监管 → Customs Supervision
保税货物 → Bonded Goods
保税仓库 → Bonded Warehouse
非保税仓库 → Non-Bonded Warehouse
五、税收相关
关税 → Tariffs / Customs Duty
免税 → Exemption from Duty
六、清关场景
清关 → Clearance Customs / Declaration at Customs
货物清关 → Clearance of Goods
港口清关 → Port Clearance
七、动词表达(报关动作)
向海关申报 → Declare Something At The Customs
报关(动词) → Apply To Customs / Declare at the Customs
报关(名词) → Customs Application